fly ash
Kentucky, like West Virginia, is known as a coal state. When coal is burned it produces (among another things) a fine powdery substance called fly ash that must be disposed of. Fly ash is composed mainly of silica. Sand! Fly ash is often used to make concrete and cement products. Researchers at the University of Kentucky got the bright idea of using fly ash as a substitute for sand in fracking old/existing oil and gas wells in the state. After experimenting, researchers found that in some cases, the wells have "surpassed original production levels."
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